Evidence-Based Surgery: What Can Intra-Operative Images Contribute?

Evidence-based medicine integrates results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses, combining the best external evidence with individual clinical expertise and patients' preferences. However, RCTs of surgery differ from those of medicine in that surgical performance is often assumed to be consistent. Yet, evaluating whether each surgery is performed to the same standard is quite challenging. As a primary issue, the novelty of this review is to emphasize-with a focus on orthopedic trauma-the advantage of having complete intra-operative image documentation, allowing the direct evaluation of the quality of the intra-operative technical performance. The absence of complete intra-operative image documentation leads to the inhomogeneity of case series, yielding inconsistent results due to the impossibility of a secondary analysis. Thus, comparisons and the reproduction of studies are difficult. Access to complete intra-operative image data in surgical RCTs allows not only secondary analysis but also comparisons with similar cases. Such complete data can be included in electronic papers. Offering these data to peers-in an accessible link-when presenting papers facilitates the selection process and improves publications for readers. Additionally, having access to the full set of image data for all presented cases serves as a rich resource for learning. It enables the reader to sift through the information and pinpoint the details that are most relevant to their individual needs, allowing them to potentially incorporate this knowledge into daily practice. A broad use of the concept of complete intra-operative image documentation is pivotal for bridging the gap between clinical research findings and real-world applications. Enhancing the quality of surgical RCTs would facilitate the equalization of evidence acquisition in both internal medicine and surgery. Joint effort by surgeons, scientific societies, publishers, and healthcare authorities is needed to support the ideas, implement economic requirements, and overcome the mental obstacles to its realization.

Dermatologia e pesquisa científica: análise das publicações em hospital de ensino no sul do Brasil / Dermatology and scientific research: analysis of publications in a teaching hospital in southern Brazil

Introdução: a Dermatologia destaca-se entre as especialidades médicas por seu pioneirismo na descoberta e ca-racterização de afecções da pele, tornando-se proeminente a compreensão da conjuntura da produção científica na especialidade. Objetivo: analisar o perfil das publicações científicas do Serviço de Dermatologia da Santa Casa de Porto Alegre/Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre. Método: estudo transversal e descritivo realizado a partir da análise das publicações do Serviço de Dermatologia, no período de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020. Resultados: a partir do levantamento de dados,foram identificadas 54 publicações no período, constituídas 81,5% (n = 44) por artigos e 18,5% (n = 10) por capítulos de livro. A maioria dos artigos foi 'relato de casos' (56,8%; n = 25). Cerca de 46,3% das publicações contaram com a participação de residentes e/ou especializandos, principal-mente no 3º ano dos programas. Conclusão: a análise das publicações científicas revelou predomínio de artigos em periódicos, principalmente em veículos nacionais, com expressiva participação de especializandos. O desenvolvimento científico da Dermatologia pressupõe a valorização das atividades de pesquisa no âmbito dos programas de especiali-zação e residência, com potencial de contribuição para a melhoria dos serviços de saúde e produtividade acadêmica. (AU)

Background: Dermatology stands out among the medical specialties for its pioneering role in the discovery and characterization of skin conditions, making the understanding of the conjuncture of scientific production in the spe-cialty prominent. Objective: the study aimed to analyze the profile of scientific publications of the Dermatology Service of Santa Casa of Porto Alegre / Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre. Method: this cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from the analysis of publications of the Dermatology Service from January 2019 to December 2020. Results: from the data collection, 54 publications were identified in the analyzed period, consisting of 81.5% (n = 44) of articles and 18.5% (n = 10) of book chapters. Most articles were 'case reports' (56.8%; n = 25). About 46.3% of the publications had the participation of residents and/or trainees, mainly in the 3rd year of the programs. Conclusion: the analysis of scientific publications revealed a predominance of articles in journals, mainly in national vehicles, with a significant participation of students. The scientific development of Dermatology presupposes the valorization of research activities within the scope of specialization and residency programs, with the potential to contribute to the improvement of health services and academic productivity. (AU)

The principles of presenting statistical results using figures.

Tables and figures are commonly adopted methods for presenting specific data or statistical analysis results. Figures can be used to display characteristics and distributions of data, allowing for intuitive understanding through visualization and thus making it easier to interpret the statistical results. To maximize the positive aspects of figure presentation and increase the accuracy of the content, in this article, the authors will describe how to choose an appropriate figure type and the necessary components to include. Additionally, this article includes examples of figures that are commonly used in research and their essential components using virtual data.

The principles of presenting statistical results: Table.

General medical journals such as the Korean Journal of Anesthesiology (KJA) receive numerous manuscripts every year. However, reviewers have noticed that the tables presented in various manuscripts have great diversity in their appearance, resulting in difficulties in the review and publication process. It might be due to the lack of clear written instructions regarding reporting of statistical results for authors. Therefore, the present article aims to briefly outline reporting methods for several table types, which are commonly used to present statistical results. We hope this article will serve as a guideline for reviewers as well as for authors, who wish to submit a manuscript to the KJA.

Workshop 2019: Encuentro de Editores de Revistas Médico Científicas / Workshop 2019: Meeting of Medical Scientific Journal Editors

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los encuentros académicos públicos de expertos en divulgación cien-tífica que a través de órganos de registro y difusión oficial de revistas promueven el progreso de la ciencia, son un canal de comunicación entre la comunidad científica, tra-ducen el conocimiento de las disciplinas, educan y actualizan al profesional en sus roles de autor, lector, revisor, editor. Se fundamentan en políticas públicas y conducta ética. OBJETIVO. Describir las memorias del encuentro de editores, noviembre 2019, como insumo para las autoridades competentes que contribuya a establecer políticas y estrate-gias que permitan elevar la calidad científica, así como el proceso editorial de las revistas científicas en salud del Ecuador. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, con población y muestra conocida, obtención de la información en el sistema de gestión documental del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, noviembre 2019. RESULTADOS. Estadística descriptiva del perfil de los asistentes, descripción de problemas, soluciones y aportes. CONCLUSIÓN. Obtención de insumos del encuentro de editores en las "Buenas Prácticas del Proceso Editorial". Organización, estructura, norma, rol del equipo editorial, revisión de pares y Plan Anual de Capacitación Continua.

INTRODUCTION. Public academic meetings of experts in scientific dissemination that through the registration and official dissemination bodies of journals promote the progress of science, are a channel of communication between the scientific community, transla-te knowledge of the disciplines, educate and update the professional in their roles as author, reader, reviewer, editor. They are based on public policies and ethical conduct. OBJECTIVE. Describe the memories of the meeting of editors, November 2019, as an input for the competent authorities that contributes to establishing policies and strategies that allow raising scientific quality, as well as the editorial process of scientific journals in health in Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive study, with a population and a known sample, obtaining the information in the document management system of the Carlos Andrade Marin Specialties Hospital, November 2019. RESULTS. Descriptive statistics of the assistants profile, description of problems, solutions and contributions. CONCLUSION. Obtaining inputs from the meeting of editors in the "Good Practices of the Editorial Process". Organization, structure, norm, role of the editorial team, peer review and Annual Continuous Training Plan.

Probability of Publication Bias in Published Articles Resulting from Dental Dissertations of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association of publication bias with obtaining positive or negative results in the Doctoral thesis of Iranian dental schools. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study firstly we collected all the abstracts of Doctoral and post-doctoral thesis belonging to electronic archives of five Iranian dental schools there after the analytic abstracts were included and in the second phase, we try to search resulting articles with searching in Google Scholar. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Chi-squared test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Fisher's exact test, and Logistic Regression Results: Out of 483 reviewed thesis abstracts 269 cases were included (55.7%) 153 of which were accessible as papers (56.9%). In 67.7% of the reviewed thesis, positive results were obtained. There were significant relationships between publishing and publishing in international journals with two variables: Study type and field (p<0.05). In vitro studies, clinical trials and studies in the field of oral diseases and periodontics had a higher rate of publication in the form of articles. Retrospective studies and those in the fields of endodontics and oral pathology had a higher rate of publication in journals with international indexes. Using regression logistic model showed that the probability of publishing positive data was greater (18-31%) than negative data. It was shown that the specialty field affected the relationship between the chance of publication of the article and the positive/negative results (p=0.008), increasing the chance of publication to 31% Conclusion: There was publication bias in reviewed dental articles.

Beyond journal publications - a new format for the publication of clinical trials.

Journal publications are the major route to communicate methods and results of clinical trials. However, the shortcomings of this format are well known, including insufficient quality of the information provided as well as publication and outcome reporting bias. Attempts to improve the situation via peer review, reporting guidelines or study registration did not solve the problem. Currently, new ways of data presentation in electronic databases, increased access to previously confidential documents, and the potential use of anonymized individual patient data from clinical trials beyond the individual trial, have led to discussions about new publication formats for clinical trials. The current paper describes the components required for full information on a clinical trial and discusses a new format to provide this information.

Barriers to peer-reviewed journal article publication of abstracts presented at the 2006-2008 Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference and Research Agenda Conference Meetings.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the self-reported barriers to publication for authors of abstracts presented at the most recent chiropractic scientific meetings for which publication rates are known, that is the 2006 to 2008 Association of Chiropractic Colleges Educational Conference and Research Agenda Conference (ACC/RAC) meetings. METHODS: A 4-question electronic survey was sent via email to 1 of the listed authors for each abstract not published as a full paper within 4 years of the 2006 to 2008 ACC/RAC meetings. Each author was asked to complete the survey for only 1 abstract. Taking into account authors who appeared on more than 1 abstract, a link to the electronic survey was emailed to 111 potential participants. RESULTS: Of 111 participants, 67 completed a survey for a return rate of 60%. Over 80% (55/67) of the respondents were chiropractors who were faculty members at educational institutions. Of the subjects, 30% (20/67) indicated that the meeting abstract had either been published after 2012 or still was in the publishing process. For those who had not submitted a manuscript for publication, the most frequently cited barriers to publishing were pursuit of publishing as a low priority followed by a lack of time to prepare a manuscript. CONCLUSION: The main barriers to publishing in this sample were that publishing had a low priority compared to other possible uses of the abstract author's time and a perceived lack of time to pursue the publication process.

Jogo dos sete erros no processo de submissão de artigos científicos (parte 7): quem não lê manual não sabe (para quem e como) escrever / Game of seven errors regarding the submission process of scientific papers (part 7): those who do not read the manual do not know (to whom and how) to write it / Juego de los siete errores en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos (parte 7): quien no lee manual no sabe (para quien y como) escribir

Finalizando o Jogo dos Sete Erros no processo de submissão de artigos científicos, este editorial discorre sobre a importância da leitura das normas dos periódicos e a publicação de manuscritos. Em relação à submissão de artigos, primeiramente, é imperativo que os autores conheçam o escopo das revistas a que irão submeter os resultados de seus estudos. Qualquer autor pode oferecer um artigo científico a ser apreciado para publicação em alguma revista, entretanto, devem realizar a leitura das normas para submissões dos manuscritos e segui-las. No intuito de facilitar o processo de publicação de artigos, o OBJN disponibiliza, em sua homepage, tutoriais para instruir os autores, além da criação de uma nova seção de submissão intitulada de Notas de Pesquisa, tendo como objetivo a publicação de artigos curtos de pesquisa com a apresentação de seus resultados parciais. Assim, é primordial que os autores façam a leitura rigorosa das normas de publicação a fim de facilitar a elaboração de seus manuscritos e consequente publicação dos resultados de seus estudos.

To end the game of seven errors regarding the submission process of scientific papers, this editorial discusses the importance of reading the rules of journals and the publication of manuscripts. Regarding the article submission, first, it is imperative that the authors know the scope of the magazines to which they will submit the results of their studies. Any author can offer a scientific paper to be reviewed for publication in a magazine; however, these authors should read the rules for submission of manuscripts and follow them. In order to facilitate the process of publishing articles, the OBJN offers on its homepage, tutorials to instruct authors, and the creation of a new submission section entitled Research Notes, aiming at the publication of short research articles with the presentation of their partial results. It is, therefore, important that authors read thoroughly the publication standards in order to facilitate the preparation of their manuscripts and consequent publication of the results of their studies.

Finalizando el Juego de los Siete Errores en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos, este editorial habla sobre la importancia de la lectura de las normas de los periódicos y la publicación de manuscritos. En relación a la sumisión de artículos, primeramente, es imperativo que los autores conozcan el campo de las revistas a que irán someter los resultados de sus estudios. Cualquier autor puede ofrecer un artículo científico a ser apreciado para publicación en alguna revista, sin embargo, deben realizar la lectura de las normas para sumisiones de los manuscritos y seguirlas. En el intento de facilitar el proceso de publicación de artículos, el OBJN pone a disposición, en su homepage, tutorial, teniendo como objetivo la publicación de artículos cortos de investigación con la presentación de sus resultados parciales. Así, es primordial que los autores hagan lectura rigurosa de las normas de publicación con el fin de facilitar la elaboración de sus manuscritos y consecuente publicación de los resultados de sus estudios.

Publicação dos trabalhos de Iniciação Científica da UFCG, Campus de Patos, PB / Publication of the studies from scientific initiation programs at UFCG ­ Campus de Patos, PB

Os programas de Iniciação Científica (IC) representam grande parte das pesquisas realizadas por estudantes de graduação. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a porcentagem de publicação destas pesquisas, realizadas nos cursos do Campus de Patos, PB, aferir o tempo entre a apresentação da pesquisa no congresso de IC da instituição e sua publicação, identificar o curso e a área de origem da pesquisa. A partir da relação de alunos de IC nos anos de 2009 a 2014, foram consultados os dados das pesquisas nos Anais do Congresso de Iniciação Científica da Científica da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, publicados no periódico Saúde & Ciência Online. Dois pesquisa-dores realizaram buscas nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS e BBO, cruzando os dados dos resumos. O índice de publicação foi baixo, com 10,4% das pesquisas publicadas, sendo 10 (30%) em periódicos Qualis A2. O tempo médio de publicação foi de 24 meses e o curso que obteve mais publicações no período estudado foi o de Medicina Veterinária. No curso de Odontologia, destacaram-se as áreas de Saúde Coletiva e Dentística. Apesar da relevância e das contribuições advindas das atividades de IC, ainda são poucos os levantamentos realizados sobre estas pesquisas e suas publicações (AU).

The Undergraduate Research Programs (URP) represent a large part of research conducted by undergraduate graduate students. The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of publication of this research, conducted in the Patos Campus courses, PB, measuring the time between the presentation of research on IC congress of the institution and its publication, identify the course and the area of research. From the URP students' records in the years 2009-2014, we consulted data from the Proceedings of the URP Congress at Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), published in the journal Saúde & Ciência Online. Two researchers conducted searches of Medline, LILACS and BBO, crossing the data from abstracts. The publication rate was low, with 10.4% of published research, 10 (30%) in Qualis A2 journals. The mean time for publication was 24 months and the Veterinary Medicine course got more publications in the studied period. For Dentistry, the highlights were the in areas of Public Health and Operative Dentistry. Despite the relevance and contributions from the URP activities, there are few surveys on these studies and publications (AU).

Spot the seven errors. Playing the game in the submission of scientific papers (Part 3): the food chain in which everyone is still hungry / Juego de los siete errores en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos (Parte 3): la cadena alimentaria en la que todos tienen hambre / Jogo dos sete erros no processo de submissão de artigos científicos (Parte 3): a cadeia alimentar em que todos ficam com fome

Since ancient times, especially from the sixteenth century, the effectiveness of relationships in any knowledge area has always been guided by productivity indicators. The health service therefore does not constitute an exception. And so, publications in health reflect the core of studies that originated them. Nursing, as a recent profession, still lacks a proper measurement model, since it is strongly influenced by the biomedical standard. Nevertheless, it is unquestionable the numerical increment of nursing publications worldwide. However, this quantitative progress is not proportional to the quality of publications; maybe due to the aforementioned biomedical model of hierarchical organization of studies, or maybe due to the eminently descriptive characteristic of their findings. Thus, the nursing area lacks intervention-type research that provide a real measurement of the effects of actions of nurses.

Desde los tiempos remotos, principalmente a partir del siglo XVI, la eficiencia de las relaciones en las áreas del conocimiento siempre se pautó en indicadores de productividad. El segmento de la salud, por tanto, no constituye una excepción y debido a esto, sus publicaciones reflejan el núcleo de los estudios que las originaron. Tratándose de la enfermería, como profesión reciente que es, ella acaba careciendo de un modelo propio de métrica, por estar fuertemente influenciada por el patrón biomédico que aún impera. No obstante, es incuestionable el incremento numérico de las publicaciones de enfermería en el mundo. Todavía, este avance cuantitativo no es proporcional a la calidad de las publicaciones; sea por causa del referido modelo biomédico de jerarquización de los estudios o sea, de hecho, por la característica eminentemente descriptiva de sus hallazgos. De esta forma, la enfermería carece de investigaciones de intervención que posibiliten la real mensuración de los efectos de las acciones de los enfermeros.

Desde os remotos tempos, sobretudo a partir do século XVI, a eficiência das relações em quaisquer áreas do conhecimento sempre se pautou em indicadores de produtividade. O segmento da saúde, portanto, não se constitui em exceção. E, por conseguinte, as publicações em saúde refletem o core dos estudos que lhes originaram. Em se tratando da enfermagem, como profissão recente que é, ela finda por carecer de um modelo próprio de métrica, posto que é fortemente influenciada pelo padrão biomédico, ainda reinante. Não obstante, é inquestionável o incremento numérico de publicações de enfermagem no mundo. Todavia, esse avanço quantitativo não é proporcional à qualidade das publicações; seja por conta do aludido modelo biomédico de hierarquização dos estudos; seja, de fato, pela característica iminentemente descritiva de seus achados. Assim, a enfermagem carece de pesquisas de intervenção que possibilitem a real mensuração dos efeitos das ações dos enfermeiros.

Jogo dos sete erros no processo de submissão de artigos científicos (parte 1): o cavalo e a cenoura / Spot the seven errors. Playing the game in the submission of scientific papers (part 1): the horse and the carrot / Juego de los siete errores en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos (parte 1): el caballo y la zanahoria

Este editorial não tem a pretensão de constituir-se em um compêndio metodológico, tampouco um manual de boas práticas de publicação em saúde. Objetiva-se, contudo, discorrer um pouco sobre a experiência acumulada como editor chefe do Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing, cargo que ocupo desde 2011, e sua interseção às diretrizes internacionais quanto à otimização do processo de publicação científica em saúde. A ideia é dividir a temática em duas classes de editoriais: o jogo dos sete erros e; figuras de linguagem no processo de submissão de artigos científicos. Assim, abrindo o primeiro de sete editoriais acerca dos Jogos dos Sete Erros há de se esclarecer que os comentários que seguem não estão hierarquizados quanto à importância ou cronologicamente encadeados, embora conservem relativa verossimilhança com o segundo erro, posto que o anacronismo das observações não compromete o produto, desde que não negligenciadas

This editorial does not intend to be a methodological textbook, nor a manual of best practice in health publication. The aim, however, is to briefly discuss my experience as the chief editor of the Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing, a position that I have occupied since 2011, and its intersection with international guidelines regarding the optimization of the process of scientific publication on health. The idea is to divide the subject into two editorial classes: the "Spot the Seven Errors" game, and to consider figures of speech in the submission of scientific articles. So, opening the first of the seven editorials in terms of the Spot the Seven Errors game, it is important to make clear that the following comments are not organized according to their relevance or chronological link. However, they retain relative similarities with the second error, since the anachronism of observations does not compromise the product, as long as it is not neglected

Este editorial no tiene la pretensión de constituirse en un compendio metodológico, tampoco un manual de buenas prácticas de publicación en salud. Se objetiva, no obstante, discutir un poco sobre la experiencia acumulada como editor jefe de Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing, cargo que ocupo desde 2011,y su intersección a las directrices internacionales en cuanto a la optimización del proceso de publicación científica en salud. La idea es dividir la temática en dos clases de editoriales: el juego de los siete errores y; figuras de lenguaje en el proceso de sumisión de artículos científicos. Así, abriendo el primero de siete editoriales acerca de los Juegos de los Siete Errores ha de aclararse que los comentarios que siguen no están jerarquizados en cuanto a la importancia o cronológicamente encadenados, aunque conserven relativa verosimilitud con el segundo error, puesto que el anacronismo de las observaciones no compromete el producto, desde que no estén descuidadas

[Overviews - status quo, potentials and perspectives]. / Overviews - Status Quo, Potentiale und Ausblick.

The increase in scientific literature has led reviewers to conduct overviews, hereby creating a new publication type. Overviews of reviews may have several advantages. For example, they can be conducted in a shorter time frame, they offer the opportunity of providing decision makers with a broader summary of the evidence, allowing comparison of multiple treatments, and they can be helpful in investigating discordant findings from multiple systematic reviews. However, there are some specific characteristics concerning methodology in conducting overviews. Questions that arise are how to deal with overlapping reviews, how the quality of the included reviews should be assessed, how discordant results should be dealt with, whether and how additional searches for current primary studies should be conducted. Overviews of reviews often lack methodological rigour. Methodological standards and reporting guidelines for overviews are needed to improve the quality of this new publication type.

[Medical publications and information technologies]. / Las publicaciones médicas y las tecnologías de la información.

The development of the computer science during the last 30 years has had a very important influence in human life, changing paradigms on all daily activities like public policies, commerce, education and science development. The aim of this editorial is to communicate some considerations about the way the development of technology in information and communication had influenced on the spread of scientific knowledge in its using on medical publications.

El desarrollo de las ciencias de la informática en los últimos 30 años ha influido de manera muy importante en la vida humana, pues ha transformado paradigmas, en todas las actividades de la vida cotidiana, en políticas públicas, comercio, educación y también en el desarrollo de la ciencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer algunas consideraciones acerca de la manera como el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ha influido en la divulgación del conocimiento científico por medio de su aplicación en las publicaciones médicas.

Análise quantitativa de pós-graduandos em ciências de saúde no Brasil: perfil por estados / Analysis of the Brazilian post-graduates in health sciences: current situation per state

A universidade é o principal centro de produção científica dos artigos publicados de alta qualidade, pois nesta concentra-se um número muito mais expressivo de pós-graduandos que atuam como pólos produtores de novos conhecimentos e estimulam os graduandos a produzirem pesquisas de qualidade. O objetivo desse artigo foi analisar a distribuição dos mestres e doutores em Ciência da Saúde pelos diferentes Estados e regiões do Brasil. Foram utilizados os dados estatísticos da Plataforma Lattes, com base nos currículos lattes desta mesma base de dados. Houve uma maior concentração de mestres e doutores, em número absoluto, na região Sudeste (52,2% e 58% respectivamente). Contudo, quando comparada a distribuição em relação à população dos Estados, a região Sul teve maior quantidade de mestres (15,35 por cem mil habitantes) e a região Sudeste, a de doutores (11,79 por cem mil habitantes), sendo a região Norte a pior em todos os quesitos avaliados. Em relação aos Estados, São Paulo teve maior quantidade de mestres e doutores em ciências da saúde em números absolutos (37% e 26,3%, respectivamente). Já com relação aos números relativos, o Distrito Federal apresentou os melhores índices (30 mestres e 23,7 doutores por cem mil habitantes) e o Estado do Amapá apresentou os piores índices para todos os parâmetros avaliados. Há distribuição irregular dos mestres e doutores nas diferentes regiões do país e nos estados da federação, inclusive entre os Estados de uma mesma região.

The university is the main center of production of high quality scientific articles, since there are a great number of graduate students, who contribute with knowledge and stimulate the undergraduate students to produce high quality research. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of masters and doctors in Health Science in different states of Brazil. We used data obtained from the Brazilian Lattes platform, an information system for research inBrazil. There was a highest absolute number of masters and doctors, in the Southeast (52.2% and 58% respectively). However, when compared to the population of the states, the South presented the highest number of masters (15.35 per hundred thousand inhabitants) and the Southeast had the highest number of doctors (11.79 per hundred thousand inhabitants). The Northern region presented the lowest percentage in all aspects of the evaluation. Regarding the States from Brazil, São Paulo had the highest absolute number of masters and doctors in health sciences (37% and 26.3% respectively). With respect to relative numbers, the Federal District showed the highest rate (30 masters and 23.7 doctors per thousand inhabitants) and the state of Amapa had the lowest rates in all the parameters evaluated. There is uneven distribution of masters and doctors in different regions of the country and even between the states of a same region.

O significado do grau de recomendaçãoe força de evidência A da classificaçãoda Associação Médica Brasileira

A revista Femina vem utilizando os graus de recomendações e força de evidência da Associação Médica Brasileira (AMB)1 para classificar as referências bibliográficas contidas no texto de seus artigos com o objetivo de dar ao leitor o verdadeiro valor atribuído a cada intervenção utilizada nas investigações